Monroe County area

Population and density of Monroe County

The Census Bureau estimates that 750,506 people lived in Monroe County on July 1, 2025. That ranks #91 of 3,222 county equivalents nationally and #9 of 62 in New York. Since the April 1, 2020 estimates base of 759,385, the population has declined by 8,879 (−1.2%), compared with −1% for New York as a whole.

With 657 square miles of land, that is 1,142 people per square mile (441 per km²), placing Monroe County #159 nationally for density and #10 in New York. The median county equivalent has 47 people per square mile; the New York median is 112. Put another way, there are about 0.56 acres of land per resident.

U.S. Census Bureau, Vintage 2025 population estimates. Estimates are revised each year and are not decennial census counts. Density divides the whole population by the whole county’s land area, so it describes an average, not how settlement is distributed within the county. Population sources and methods.

Cities and towns in Monroe County

Monroe County is divided into 21 cities and towns. In New York, county subdivisions are local governments, and together they cover all of the county’s land and residents.

The most populous is Rochester city, with 206,108 residents (27.5% of the county). The largest by land is Greece town, at 47.5 mi², or 7.2% of the county’s land. Among those with at least 1,000 residents in 2020, Sweden town grew fastest since then (+6.9%).

Population: U.S. Census Bureau Vintage 2025 subcounty estimates, counting only the part of each subdivision inside Monroe County. Land: 2026 Census Gazetteer. How communities are listed.

Metropolitan area

Monroe County is a central county of the Rochester, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area. Its 5 county equivalents have 1,056,149 residents on 2,927.7 square miles of land; Monroe County accounts for 22.4% of the land and 71.1% of the residents. By combined land it ranks #101 of 393 metropolitan areas, and #55 by population. It belongs to the Rochester-Batavia-Seneca Falls, NY Combined Statistical Area.

ZIP codes

52 ZIP Code Tabulation Areas have land in Monroe County; 44 of them have most of their land inside the county, and the others mainly cover neighboring areas.

14414144161442014428144451445014464144671446814470144721447614482145021450614511145141451514519145261453414543145461455914564145801458614604146051460614607146081460914610146111461214613146141461514616146171461814619146201462114622146231462414625146261462714642

ZIP Code Tabulation Areas are the Census Bureau’s approximations of USPS ZIP Code service areas, from the 2020 Census relationship files. Lighter codes have less than half of their land in this county. Post-office-box and single-address ZIP Codes have no tabulation area.

Counties bordering Monroe County

Monroe County shares a land border with 5 county equivalents. It has more land than every one of them. The largest neighbor is Ontario County (644 mi²) and the smallest is Orleans County (391.3 mi²). Together with its neighbors, Monroe County forms a block of 3,420.7 mi² of land, of which it holds 19.2%.

How big is Monroe County compared with U.S. states?

Monroe County has less land than any of the 50 states. Rhode Island, the smallest state by land area, has 1,033.9 mi², about 1.6 times as much. New York’s county land could hold about 72 areas the size of Monroe County.

Another way to picture it: the same land area would fill a square about 25.6 miles (41.2 km) on each side. Real county shapes are rarely square, so this is a scale reference rather than a width or driving distance.

State figures are the sums of each state’s county-equivalent land measurements in the same Census release, so states and counties are compared on the same basis. Published state totals can differ slightly because of rounding. Compare all states · Counties bigger than entire states.

What stands out about Monroe County?

Monroe County has more land than 1,791 of the other 3,221 county equivalents in the dataset.

A median is the middle county-equivalent measurement, not the average of the largest and smallest. All three bars use the same linear scale. Very small areas may appear as a thin sliver; the labels retain their values.

Does including water change its rank?

Using land plus water places Monroe County at #503 nationally by total area, 928 places closer to the top than its land rank. The water assigned to this geography moves it ahead of some county equivalents with more land.

Its water share is 51.9%, compared with a national county-equivalent median of 1.2% — 50.8 percentage points higher. This describes the statistical geography’s land/water mix, not flood exposure or developable land.

Closest positions in the national land ranking

These entries sit immediately beside Monroe County in the national ranking. They can be in different states and are not necessarily geographic neighbors.

Calculated from the same Census release as the area table. Total-area order uses original ALAND + AWATER; water shares and chart labels use published square miles. Calculation details.