County outline
Where Caledonia County is located
Area breakdown
Land accounts for 98.7% of Caledonia County’s measured area and water for 1.3%. Its combined area converts to 1,703.8 square kilometers or approximately 421,020 acres.
Green: land · blue: water
| Measurement | Square miles | Square kilometers | Acres |
|---|---|---|---|
| Land | 649.214 | 1,681.457 | 415,497 |
| Water | 8.629 | 22.349 | 5,522.6 |
| Total | 657.843 | 1,703.806 | 421,019.5 |
How Caledonia County compares
By original Census land area, Caledonia County ranks #10 of 14 in Vermont and #1449 of 3,222 nationally. National rankings include the 50 states, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.
Its land area is 0.954 times the Vermont county-equivalent median of 680.6 square miles. It accounts for 7% of the combined county land area in the state.
See the complete Vermont ranking · What counts as a county equivalent?
Population and density of Caledonia County
The Census Bureau estimates that 30,414 people lived in Caledonia County on July 1, 2025. That ranks #1,474 of 3,222 county equivalents nationally and #9 of 14 in Vermont. Since the April 1, 2020 estimates base of 30,229, the population has grown by 185 (+0.6%), compared with +0.2% for Vermont as a whole.
With 649.2 square miles of land, that is 47 people per square mile (18 per km²), placing Caledonia County #1,615 nationally for density and #11 in Vermont. The median county equivalent has 47 people per square mile; the Vermont median is 57. Put another way, there are about 14 acres of land per resident.
| July 1 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate | 30,180 | 30,466 | 30,568 | 30,617 | 30,508 | 30,414 |
| Change | — | +286 | +102 | +49 | −109 | −94 |
U.S. Census Bureau, Vintage 2025 population estimates. Estimates are revised each year and are not decennial census counts. Density divides the whole population by the whole county’s land area, so it describes an average, not how settlement is distributed within the county. Population sources and methods.
Cities and towns in Caledonia County
Caledonia County is divided into 17 cities and towns. In Vermont, county subdivisions are local governments, and together they cover all of the county’s land and residents.
The most populous is St. Johnsbury town, with 7,354 residents (24.2% of the county). The largest by land is Danville town, at 60.6 mi², or 9.3% of the county’s land. Among those with at least 1,000 residents in 2020, Lyndon town grew fastest since then (+2.6%).
| County subdivision | Population 2025 | Since 2020 | Land mi² | Share of county land |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| St. Johnsbury townCounty seat | 7,354 | −0.1% | 36.5 | 5.6% |
| Lyndon town | 5,628 | +2.6% | 39.3 | 6.1% |
| Hardwick town | 2,950 | +1.1% | 38.3 | 5.9% |
| Danville town | 2,372 | +1.6% | 60.6 | 9.3% |
| Barnet town | 1,654 | −0.9% | 42.3 | 6.5% |
| Burke town | 1,646 | −0.5% | 33.6 | 5.2% |
| Waterford town | 1,288 | +1% | 38.3 | 5.9% |
| Ryegate town | 1,131 | −2.7% | 36.6 | 5.6% |
| Groton town | 979 | −0.8% | 53.8 | 8.3% |
| Sutton town | 949 | +3.3% | 38.3 | 5.9% |
| Walden town | 947 | −0.7% | 38.6 | 5.9% |
| Wheelock town | 753 | −0.4% | 39.5 | 6.1% |
| Peacham town | 707 | −0.7% | 46.7 | 7.2% |
| Sheffield town | 680 | −0.6% | 32.8 | 5% |
| Kirby town | 589 | +3% | 24.7 | 3.8% |
Show the other 2 subdivisions
| Name | Population 2025 | Since 2020 | Land mi² |
|---|---|---|---|
| Newark town | 568 | −1.4% | 36.8 |
| Stannard town | 219 | +4.8% | 12.6 |
Population: U.S. Census Bureau Vintage 2025 subcounty estimates, counting only the part of each subdivision inside Caledonia County. Land: 2026 Census Gazetteer. How communities are listed.
Metropolitan area
Caledonia County is not part of any metropolitan or micropolitan statistical area in the Office of Management and Budget’s July 2023 delineation; 1,306 other county equivalents are also outside one. These areas are built around an urban core of at least 10,000 people plus the counties tied to it by commuting, so counties outside them are generally rural.
ZIP codes
22 ZIP Code Tabulation Areas have land in Caledonia County; 16 of them have most of their land inside the county, and the others mainly cover neighboring areas.
05042050460505005069050810581905821058240582805832058360583705839058420584305850058510586205866058670587105873
ZIP Code Tabulation Areas are the Census Bureau’s approximations of USPS ZIP Code service areas, from the 2020 Census relationship files. Lighter codes have less than half of their land in this county. Post-office-box and single-address ZIP Codes have no tabulation area.
Counties bordering Caledonia County
Caledonia County shares a land border with 6 county equivalents, including 1 in New Hampshire. It has more land than 1 of them. The largest neighbor is Grafton County (1,708.6 mi²) and the smallest is Lamoille County (461.3 mi²). Together with its neighbors, Caledonia County forms a block of 5,550.1 mi² of land, of which it holds 11.7%.
| Bordering county equivalent | Land mi² | Size vs. Caledonia | Compare |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grafton CountyNew Hampshire | 1,708.6 | 2.6× larger | Compare |
| Orleans County | 694.5 | 1.1× larger | Compare |
| Washington County | 687.1 | 1.1× larger | Compare |
| Orange County | 687 | 1.1× larger | Compare |
| Essex County | 662.4 | about the same | Compare |
| Lamoille County | 461.3 | 1.4× smaller | Compare |
How big is Caledonia County compared with U.S. states?
Caledonia County has less land than any of the 50 states. Rhode Island, the smallest state by land area, has 1,033.9 mi², about 1.6 times as much. Vermont’s county land could hold about 14 areas the size of Caledonia County.
Another way to picture it: the same land area would fill a square about 25.5 miles (41 km) on each side. Real county shapes are rarely square, so this is a scale reference rather than a width or driving distance.
State figures are the sums of each state’s county-equivalent land measurements in the same Census release, so states and counties are compared on the same basis. Published state totals can differ slightly because of rounding. Compare all states · Counties bigger than entire states.
What stands out about Caledonia County?
Caledonia County has more land than 1,773 of the other 3,221 county equivalents in the dataset.
A median is the middle county-equivalent measurement, not the average of the largest and smallest. All three bars use the same linear scale. Very small areas may appear as a thin sliver; the labels retain their values.
Does including water change its rank?
Using land plus water places Caledonia County at #1,548 nationally by total area, 99 places farther from the top than its land rank. Other county equivalents gain more area when their water measurements are included.
Its water share is 1.3%, compared with a national county-equivalent median of 1.2% — 0.1 percentage points higher. This describes the statistical geography’s land/water mix, not flood exposure or developable land.
Closest positions in the national land ranking
These entries sit immediately beside Caledonia County in the national ranking. They can be in different states and are not necessarily geographic neighbors.
| Land rank | County equivalent | Land mi² | Comparison |
|---|---|---|---|
| #1448 | Coosa County, Alabama | 650.9 | Compare |
| #1449 | Caledonia County, Vermont | 649.2 | This county |
| #1450 | Bradley County, Arkansas | 649.2 | Compare |
Calculated from the same Census release as the area table. Total-area order uses original ALAND + AWATER; water shares and chart labels use published square miles. Calculation details.
Representative coordinates
The Census internal point is 44.468791, -72.112168. It represents a location inside the geography; it is not necessarily the centroid or the address of a courthouse.
Source and precision
U.S. Census Bureau, 2026 Gazetteer Files, Counties. Original ALAND: 1,681,457,276 m²; AWATER: 22,348,340 m². Rankings use ALAND; exact ties use ascending GEOID. Tables preserve Census-published square miles to three decimals, with conversions based on those values.
Common questions
How big is Caledonia County?
Caledonia County, Vermont has 649.2 square miles (1,681.5 km²) of land and 8.629 square miles of water, for a total area of 657.8 square miles. It ranks #1449 of 3,222 U.S. county equivalents by land area.
Is Caledonia County the largest county in Vermont?
No. Caledonia County ranks #10 of 14 in Vermont by land area. The largest is Windsor County, with 969.1 square miles of land.
What counties border Caledonia County?
Caledonia County shares a land border with Essex County, Orleans County, Washington County, Grafton County, New Hampshire, Orange County, and Lamoille County.
What is the population of Caledonia County?
The Census Bureau estimates Caledonia County had 30,414 residents on July 1, 2025, ranking #1,474 of 3,222 county equivalents. That is 47 people per square mile of land.
What is the county seat of Caledonia County?
The county seat of Caledonia County is St. Johnsbury.
What cities and towns are in Caledonia County?
Caledonia County has 17 county subdivisions (cities, towns and townships). The most populous five are St. Johnsbury town, Lyndon town, Hardwick town, Danville town, and Barnet town.
Is Caledonia County part of a metropolitan area?
No. Caledonia County is outside every metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area in the July 2023 OMB delineation.
How many ZIP codes are in Caledonia County?
22 ZIP Code Tabulation Areas have land in Caledonia County, and 16 of them have most of their land inside the county. Census ZIP Code Tabulation Areas approximate USPS ZIP Code areas.
How does Caledonia County compare with U.S. states?
It has less land than every state. Rhode Island, the smallest, has 1.6 times as much land.
How many acres of land are in Caledonia County?
The land measurement converts to approximately 415,497 acres. Including water, total area is approximately 421,020 acres. One square mile equals 640 acres.
Why might another source show a different area?
Check whether it reports land or total area, its Census vintage, and its rounding. Our guide explains how to reconcile county area figures.
Can this establish a property boundary?
No. Statistical measurements and generalized maps do not establish property lines. Consult the relevant local surveying or land-records authority.